Reindeer herding in Alaska began in 1892, when domestic reindeer were brought from the Russian Far East to the Seward Peninsula through the efforts of Sheldon Jackson, the federal General Agent of Education. The aim was to give Alaska Natives a new source of food and income.[1]
| Introduced | 1892, from the Russian Far East |
|---|---|
| Introduced by | Sheldon Jackson |
| Sámi herders recruited | 1894 and 1898 |
| Herds in 1904 | 10,234 reindeer |
| Range | Kuskokwim River to Point Barrow |
Introduction
Chukchi herders were first used to mentor Iñupiat herders but this was unsuccessful, so Sámi herders from Norway were recruited in 1894 and 1898 to move to Alaska and teach herding to Alaska Natives. Herds ranged between the Kuskokwim River and Point Barrow.[1]
Ownership and reform
In 1904, of 10,234 reindeer the vast majority were owned by missionary societies rather than Alaska Natives. An audit by Frank Churchill in 1905 and his 1906 report to Congress led to an overhaul of the U.S. Reindeer Service: missionary societies were no longer allowed to profit from herding and were removed from the service.[1]
FAQs
When were reindeer brought to Alaska? In 1892.
Who introduced them? Sheldon Jackson, a Presbyterian minister and federal education agent.
Why were Sámi herders recruited? To teach herding to Alaska Natives.
Sources
Key facts
- 1892 introduction
- Sámi herders 1894 and 1898
- 10,234 reindeer in 1904
Quick checkWhen introduced?Show answer
1892.
Sources
- National Park Service. Reindeer in Alaska (Alaska Park Science). 2026 (accessed 2026-11-12)
Editorially reviewed by Specialty Digest Editorial TeamLast reviewed November 12, 2026Researched and drafted with AI assistanceReport an issue