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Module 6 · Lesson 1 · Core

Sleep and memory

Explain how sleep supports memory, read a comparison table and plan a night around a wake-up time.

  • 55 minutes
  • Serves O2
  • Assumes Module 5

Phase 1: Prepare

Step 1 Warm-up recall

From Module 5: what does a stall in the teaching test show?

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Step 2 Learning goal

By the end of this lesson you can:

  • say what sleep does for memory (Foundation);
  • read a two-group table (Core);
  • count sleep hours from clock times (Core).

Phase 2: Teach

Step 3 A familiar example

Notes typed into a computer need saving before they last. Sleep is part of how the brain saves what you learned that day.

Step 4 Clear explanation

During sleep the brain replays and reorganises what it took in while awake, a process called consolidation. In a review of the research, Diekelmann and Born (2010) concluded that sleep supports the stabilising of new memories. Sleep also restores attention, which Module 2 showed is limited.

Learnnew materialSleepmemory is stabilisedRecallnext day
Sleep after study helps stabilise new memories; the order is learn, sleep, recall.
Group (invented numbers)Recall next day
Slept after learning75%
Stayed awake after learning55%
Difference20 points

The invented table shows the typical pattern: the group who slept after learning recalled more the next day, 75 − 55 = 20 points more. Real studies vary in size and method, but the direction is well supported. This does not mean that a long sleep replaces study; it means that a late night spent studying can cost more recall than it adds.

Sleep needs vary between people and ages, so there is no single correct number. Count your own: if you go to bed at 23:15 and wake at 06:45, that is 7 hours 30 minutes. A sensible habit is to finish new learning earlier and use the evening for a short review. See working memory for how tiredness reduces the amount you can hold in mind.

Step 5 Worked example (4 marks)

A student goes to bed at 23:15 and wakes at 06:45. How long is the sleep?

  1. From 23:15 to midnight is 45 minutes. (1 mark)
  2. From midnight to 06:45 is 6 hours 45 minutes. (1 mark)
  3. Add: 45 minutes + 6 h 45 min = 7 h 30 min. (1 mark)
  4. Answer: 7 hours 30 minutes. (1 mark)

Phase 3: Practise

Step 6 Learner practice (instant-marked)

1. Consolidation means sleep helps to:

2. In the table, the slept group recalled how many points more?

3. Bed at 23:15 and waking at 06:45 gives:

4. A late night of study can backfire because:

Phase 4: Close

Step 7 Recap

  • Sleep consolidates memory and restores attention.
  • A slept group typically recalls more the next day.
  • Count sleep hours from clock times.

Step 8 Exit ticket (ungraded)

Bed at 22:45 and up at 06:15: how long is the sleep?

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Step 9 Go further (Extension)

Count your own sleep for three nights and note one change you could make.

Common mistakes

MistakeWhy it fails
Studying all night before a testProtect sleep, review early.
Believing one sleep number fits allNeeds vary between people.
Counting hours across midnight wronglySplit at midnight.

Limits. The table is invented; real effects vary, and this course is not medical advice. For persistent sleep problems, speak to a health professional.