Specialty Digest

Global English editionLearners’ Study Dashboard — in development
The Knowledge Library for All
Encyclopedia

Organizations

Institutions, agencies, and groups that shape the world.

The FIFA headquarters building in Zurich with member flags

FIFA

FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) is the international governing body of association football, known in the United States as soccer. It was founded in Paris on 21 May 1904, is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and has 211 national member associations. History and founding of FIFA FIFA was founded on 21 May 1904 at 229

FIFA Read More »

The international governing body of association football, founded in Paris in 1904, based in Zurich and made up of 211 national associations.

Headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome

Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is the specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Founded in 1945, it aims for food security for all, so that people have regular access to enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives. History of the Food and Agriculture Organization The organization

Food and Agriculture Organization Read More »

The Food and Agriculture Organization is the UN specialized agency, founded in 1945, that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and ensure food security.

Leaders of G20 countries in a group photo at the 2017 Hamburg summit

G20

The G20, or Group of Twenty, is an informal forum of 19 countries, the European Union and the African Union that coordinates global economic and financial policy. Finance ministers and central bank governors began meeting in 1999, and leaders held their first summit in November 2008. The G20 has no permanent secretariat, and its presidency

G20 Read More »

The G20 is an informal forum of 19 countries, the EU and the African Union that coordinates global economic and financial policy.

The Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior docked in port

Greenpeace

Greenpeace is an international environmental campaigning organization that began in Vancouver, Canada, in 1971 with a voyage to protest a United States nuclear test. Today it is a network of independent national and regional organizations, coordinated by Greenpeace International in Amsterdam, that campaigns on environmental and peace issues using direct action, research and litigation. History

Greenpeace Read More »

Greenpeace is an international environmental campaigning organization that began with a 1971 voyage from Vancouver to protest a US nuclear test.

The ICANN headquarters office building in Los Angeles

ICANN

ICANN, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, is a nonprofit public-benefit corporation that helps coordinate the Internet’s unique identifiers, including domain names and Internet Protocol numbers. It was formed in 1998, and its principal office is in Los Angeles County, California. History of ICANN Anything connected to the Internet has a unique number,

ICANN Read More »

The nonprofit public-benefit corporation, formed in 1998, that coordinates the Internet's unique identifiers, including domain names and IP address numbers.

The Engineering Societies Building in New York, illustrated in 1907

IEEE

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association of engineers and scientists working in electrical engineering, electronics, computing and related fields. It was formed on 1 January 1963 by the merger of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, founded in 1884, and the Institute of Radio Engineers, founded in 1912. History

IEEE Read More »

A professional association of engineers and scientists formed in 1963 from the AIEE and the IRE, known for standards such as Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

The Vienna International Centre in Vienna, Austria, which houses the International Atomic Energy Agency headquarters

International Atomic Energy Agency

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization based in Vienna, Austria, that promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy and works to verify that nuclear material is not diverted to weapons. It is linked to the United Nations through a 1957 relationship agreement, and its work covers nuclear safety, security, technology

International Atomic Energy Agency Read More »

The IAEA is a Vienna-based intergovernmental agency that promotes peaceful nuclear energy and verifies that nuclear material is not diverted to weapons.

The ICAO headquarters building in Montreal

International Civil Aviation Organization

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is the United Nations agency that helps 193 countries cooperate on civil aviation. It grew out of the 1944 Chicago Convention, was formally established on 4 April 1947, and is headquartered in Montreal, Canada. History and founding of ICAO The Second World War spurred technical development of the aeroplane.

International Civil Aviation Organization Read More »

The United Nations agency, created under the 1944 Chicago Convention and based in Montreal, that sets international standards for civil aviation.

Historic photograph of the former Hotel Carlton building in Geneva, used as the permanent headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross

International Committee of the Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a neutral, impartial and independent humanitarian organization, founded in Geneva in 1863, that protects and assists people affected by armed conflict and other violence. States gave it its mandate through the Geneva Conventions, and it works alongside, but separately from, the national Red Cross and Red

International Committee of the Red Cross Read More »

The International Committee of the Red Cross is a neutral humanitarian organization, founded in Geneva in 1863, that protects and assists victims of armed conflict.

The Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, seat of the International Court of Justice, seen from its gardens

International Court of Justice

The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Seated at the Peace Palace in The Hague, it settles legal disputes between states under international law and gives advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized UN organs and specialized agencies. History of the ICJ The court

International Court of Justice Read More »

The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, settling legal disputes between states and giving advisory opinions from The Hague.