Society & Behavior

Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, built around a volcanic rock formation that has supported a fortress since at least the Iron Age. It is best known for Edinburgh Castle, for the contrasting medieval Old Town and Georgian New Town that together form a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and for the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the

Egypt sits in the northeastern corner of Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula extending into Asia, making it one of the few countries spanning two continents. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Libya to the west, and Sudan to the south. Almost the entire population lives

El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America and the only one without a Caribbean coastline, facing the Pacific Ocean along its entire southern border. Despite its size, it is the most densely populated country on the Central American mainland, with a landscape dominated by volcanoes that has earned it the nickname “the Land

Equatorial Guinea is a small Central African nation made up of a mainland region and several islands, and it is the only country in Africa where Spanish is an official language, a legacy of nearly two centuries of Spanish colonial rule. Since the 1990s it has become one of Sub-Saharan Africa’s largest oil producers, transforming

Eritrea occupies a long stretch of the Red Sea coast in the Horn of Africa. Its capital, Asmara, sits on a highland plateau and preserves one of the world’s largest and best-preserved collections of early twentieth-century Italian modernist architecture, a legacy of Italian colonial rule that earned the city UNESCO World Heritage status in 2017.

Estonia is the northernmost of the three Baltic states, facing the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. Its capital, Tallinn, preserves one of Europe’s best-maintained medieval old towns, a UNESCO World Heritage Site whose skyline is dominated by the onion domes of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral rising above the surrounding city walls and spires.

Eswatini is a small, landlocked kingdom in Southern Africa and one of the last remaining absolute monarchies in the world. Renamed from Swaziland to Eswatini by royal decree in 2018, it remains one of the least internationally visited African countries, despite natural landmarks such as Sibebe Rock, one of the largest exposed granite domes on

Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa and the only African nation, along with Liberia, that was never formally colonized by a European power during the nineteenth-century Scramble for Africa. Its rugged highlands are home to Lalibela, a complex of eleven medieval churches carved directly out of solid rock, whose cross-shaped Church

Fiji is a South Pacific archipelago of more than 300 islands, roughly a third of them inhabited, built on a cultural mix of Indigenous Melanesian and Polynesian heritage and a large population descended from Indian indentured laborers brought by British colonizers in the late nineteenth century. That mix is on vivid display in Nadi, where

Finland is a Nordic country in Northern Europe known for its tens of thousands of lakes, extensive forests, and a distinctive neoclassical skyline in its capital, Helsinki, where the white-domed Helsinki Cathedral overlooks Senate Square as the city’s most recognizable landmark. Where Is Finland Located? Finland lies in Northern Europe, bordered by Sweden to the